BioCap product render — a white 3D-printed milk cap with conductivity probe

BioCap — Know Before You Pour.

With input from researchers, professors, and alumni at the following institutions.

Baxter

University of Chicago

Cornell University

Wharton · UPenn


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The Problem


We throw out good milk every day because we can't be sure.

COVID & Illness Impact

Millions lost their sense of smell due to COVID-19 — making smell-based freshness checks unreliable for a large portion of the population.

Issues of Food Poisoning

Millions get sick every year from contaminated or spoiled food.

Sources: USDA Economic Research Service; peer-reviewed food science literature; survey of 20+ households.

~$2B in household dairy wasted annually in the US
78% rely on smell alone to check milk freshness
91% unsatisfied with relying only on expiration dates

Printed dates are a rough estimate — they never actually measure the milk in your carton.

Expiration Date


Printed dates estimate freshness — they do not measure the milk itself.

Are people happy with using just the expiration date?

91% Unsatisfied

with relying only on expiration dates

BioCap provides a real-time freshness check — not a printed-date guess.

Market Alternatives


When the date isn't enough, most people fall back on smell — and that has its own limits.

Smell Test


Smell is subjective and unreliable — especially for anyone who has lost their sense of smell.

How do most households check milk today?

78% Smell alone

rely on smell to judge freshness

BioCap measures what is actually in the milk — conductivity, not guesswork.

Research and Guidance That Shaped BioCap — presentation slide with Professor Rabinow, university credentials, research collage, and quote

More than a project. A mission.


I put my heart and soul into BioCap — from the first sketch to the final prototype, every iteration was driven by a simple belief: families deserve better than guessing.

Developing BioCap was never a solo effort. I was fortunate to receive input and scientific guidance from leading scientists and mentors across the nation, whose expertise helped turn questions into results and ideas into a device grounded in real research.

BioCap team receiving first place at CIJE Innovation Day

First place at CIJE Innovation Day.

BioCap took first place at CIJE Innovation Day — proof that rigorous science, real-world problem solving, and years of dedication can come together in something people believe in.

First Place Award for Invention from The National Institute of Innovative Sciences — BioCap certificate

First Place Award for Invention.

BioCap received first place from The National Institute of Innovative Sciences — in recognition of outstanding creativity, innovation, and contribution to advancing science and improving lives.

Why Conductivity

We evaluated 4 approaches before selecting conductivity sensing as our solution.

Approach Accuracy Cost Portability Selected
pH / Acid Strip Medium $$ High
Color / Visual Sensor Low $$$ Medium
Conductivity Sensing High $$ High

Why conductivity?

As bacteria metabolize lactose they produce acids, releasing more mobile ions and measurably raising electrical conductivity — a precise, physics-based, non-invasive spoilage signal.

How BioCap Works


Step 1

Bacteria produce acidic byproducts

As milk spoils, bacterial metabolism produces acids such as lactic acid, increasing mobile ions in the liquid.

Step 2

Conductivity rises

More free ions increase electrical conductivity, giving the system a measurable signal tied to spoilage.

Step 3

BioCap compares delta from baseline

The system establishes a fresh baseline, then measures delta conductivity to account for natural variation.

Step 4

Thresholds classify the sample

Fresh is below 150 µS/cm, borderline is 150–400 µS/cm, and spoiled is above 400 µS/cm.

Conductivity Simulator

Adjust the slider to change delta conductivity in microSiemens per centimeter. The cap compares that value to a fresh baseline and classifies the milk.

Fresh

Sample looks stable.

The delta conductivity is below 150 µS/cm, suggesting minimal bacterial activity.

Baseline 4850 µS/cm
Current 4920 µS/cm
Confidence 95%

Design & Build

The BioCap body was designed around a cap shape, clean grip texture, handle, and centered probe channel.

Product Render
BioCap product render showing ribbed grip texture and probe
CAD Design Process
Fusion 360 CAD design process for BioCap
Design Focus: Printable Geometry User-Friendly Silhouette Protected Electronics Stable Milk-Contact Probe Position
Exploded View
BioCap component exploded view diagram
Firmware
BioCap Arduino firmware code
LED Indicator State LED provides visual feedback on power, status, and activity.
Arduino Nano The brain of the system handles data processing and sensor communication.
Battery 9V battery powers the entire system for long-term use.
Conductivity Sensor High-sensitivity sensor detects ionic changes to measure freshness.
3D Printed Body & Cap Custom 3D-printed enclosure keeps all components secure and protected.

Impact

Real impact. Measurable change.

01
Less Waste

30–40%

of milk discarded before it truly spoils — BioCap can recover that.

02
Home + Retail

$2B+

$2B+ in US dairy wasted annually — a massive market opportunity.

03
Safer Choices

91%

of surveyed users want a dedicated milk freshness device.

Survey Results

88%

Would use the cap daily

94%

Found LED readout intuitive

"A small cap. A big difference."

Thank You

BioCap — Know Before You Pour.